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Outline Key Features of the Evolutionary Perspective...

Outline key features of the evolutionary perspective explanation of attachment and evaluate. An attachment is an emotional bond between two people. It is a two-way process that endures over time. An evolutionary perspective of attachment was researched by the famous John Bowlby in 1969. Bowlby observed both humans and mammals. Bowlby s theory is an evolutionary theory, he emphasised that attachment had evolved, which means it was not something that was taught, because of its survival and reproductive value. According to Bowlby, children have an innate (inborn characteristics which are genetically determined) drive to become attached to a caregiver as attachment has numerous long term benefits such as imprinting. Both, imprinting and†¦show more content†¦Infants are born with innate characteristics which are called social releasers, which elicit caregiving. Examples of social releasers are smiling, crying ect. Attachment is the innate behavioural process in babies; caregiving is the innate response in adults. They both provide protection and henceforth enhance survival. Bowlby believed that infants form many attachments but the primary attachment (Monotropy) holds a special significance in emotional development. The primary attachment is usually the infant’s mother. This is because they become strongly attached to the person who responds most sensitively to their social releasers. The primary attachment helps the infant’s emotional development, self esteem and later relationships with peers, lovers and children of their own. Attachment starts at the first ever relationship between the infant and caregiver. This relationship may be one of trust, love, security etc or the contrary, Inconsistent, uncertain, aggressive etc. This relationship will create an expectation if which all relationships will be like. Overtime an infant will develop a model about emotional relationships. This model will include concepts about relationships and expectations from others. Bowlby called this model the internal working model. The internal working model portrays the idea that there is a consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships. This leads to the continuityShow MoreRelatedPsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 PagesQuestion(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |None | | Key Terms Psychology: the science of behavior and mental processes. Exercises 1. Put a check mark by each statement that is true regarding psychology. __X_ Psychologists study human behavior. __X___ Psychologists study animalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. 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Information Security Network Technology â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Information Security Network Technology? Answer: Introduction: A common method of enhancing the business processes is to identify the needs and apply better technologies to help facilitate the enhancement in efficiency of the business involved. The aim of this report is to find out about the effectiveness of the information and network security and to find out the risks and threats involved in the application of these technologies. The report also discusses the various social or legal concerns with the acceptance of these technologies into the business. The information and network security not only refers to the attacks by the different viruses or malware but also includes the promotion of general awareness among the employees of an organization to ensure the survival of the system. The term information security, network, and computer security are often used in the same way but their differences lie in the methods used to conduct the processes. This report includes an analysis of the different technologies present in the information and network technologies. The basic technologies to be discussed are the big data, cloud computing and the hardware authentication methods. All these methods will be clearly depicted along with their implications in the system concerned. The organization that needs to actualize these administrations is 5 years of age. It is mainly concerned with the conduction of business applications in the region of data and system security perspectives. The business customers are essentially arranged in Australia and incorporate small to large organizations. The organization takes project to develop small applications or modify the commercial systems available from other vendors. Moreover, the organization expects to work together in different areas of ICT too and in this way tries to actualize alternate branches in information and network securities. This will facilitate better business operations and will help them to recognize the various aspects of the business in terms of the information and the network security. Discussion: This section of the report references the main section, which will be used to demonstrate the various technologies concerned. The organization that wants to implement these services is 5 years old. It is mainly concerned with the conduction of business applications in the area of information and network security aspects. The business clients are mainly situated in Australia and include small to large organizations. The organization takes a project to develop small applications or modify the commercial systems available from other vendors. However, the company aims to do business in other sectors of ICT as well and thus tries to implement the other branches of security in Information and network security. Definitions: The information and network security not only refers to the attacks by the different viruses or malware but also includes the promotion of general awareness among the employees of an organization to ensure the survival of the system (Jianwei et al., 2016). The term information security, network, and computer security are often used in the same way but their differences lie in the methods used to conduct the processes. This is usually associated with the harmful activities or destruction of the system. The information security is mainly concerned with the confidentiality, integrity and the availability of the data. However, the network security is used to determine the protection levels associated with the transmission of data in a network. Network security is mainly concerned with the security involved in the transmission of data. Requirements: The technologies involved helps in the operation of the business in many ways. These various sectors in an organization can be improved by the adoption of the correct technologies in the required aspects of the business. Due to the risks of operation of manual labor, the requirements automated technologies are preferred. The major area where the integration of technologies is preferred includes the customer management, analytical development and competitive aspects (Raiyn, 2014). Overview: Due to information and network securities, the use of these technologies is being constantly updated so that various malfunctioned practices are addressed. As the users of these practices are constantly improving their standards, the various businesses are to implement enhanced security to address the impacts. Information security applications: The information security is a major requirement as the need for protection of the data is very important. The information associated is to be protected to ensure the confidentiality, availability and the integrity of the present information. This is the main reason for the various emerging applications of the information security, which is being implemented in nearly all aspects of industries. Fig 1: CIA diagram for information security (Source: Chang et al., 2015) The first application of the information security is the need for authentication. Authentication is a process, which uses the encryption of the main user credentials. This helps in providing access to the system to only the user with matching criteria. However, the presence of various activities on the internet has confirmed that even an encrypted option is not safe and the need for a better solution is required. To implement such services, the new application is the authentication improvement by using hardware components (Chang et al., 2015). This application helps the encryption of the information and storage in the hardware components of the concerned user. This new method is currently being applied in the solutions of existing technologies of Intel. The new sixth generation process Core vPro is used to combine the enhancement applications of the hardware integration and encryption. The main factors that will be provided by the processor include a variety of factors to authenticat e the validity of the user information. The main process of this application will be based on three parameters only. These include the password, username and a token with a unique identification. Hardware authentication is particularly necessary in case of applications in the internet of things technology (IOT). The next application of the information security is the analytical information of user data. This technology uses the common technology known as big data. This is used to get insights on the behavior of the users in the system regarding their behavior. As an organization is always involved in many users on their websites, it often becomes necessary to get insights about the behavior of them. This helps the system to show the relevant information depending on their behavior. These aspects are used to keep track of the system. In cases of anomalous behavior in the system, a red flag is detected in the system and the concerned authorities become highly suspicious of their activities and take preventive measures (Chang et al., 2015). This technology compares the past behavior of the users and compares it to the present behavior to detect the presence of anomalies in the system. In addition, the use of peer analysis is also enabled where the usage of the system with respect to the other t ypes of people in the same aspect is compared. The next topic of discussion is the cloud technology. This technology is used to provide the implementation of the cloud infrastructure in the existing technologies. Due to this implementation, the existence of hardware, software and the firewall have been integrated into the cloud. The main functions of the cloud architecture are the provisions of remote access, which allows the user to get access inside the system from another location (Kim Cha, 2012). The level of security is also high in these sections. The critical success factors for the cloud adoption are the need for understanding the cloud components and the personnel. The information of the right people for the business and the service provider is another factor for success. These techniques are present in both the Australian and the other countries as well. Cloud Central is the first cloud provider in Australia whereas the IBM does its operation in the whole world. Applications of these services: The services discussed include the hardware authentication, cloud computing, and big data. In addition, to the enhanced features and up gradation, the solutions provided must be cost effective and easy to use to provide simple solutions to the ongoing users (Xu, 2012). Hardware authentication: The main use of these technologies in business is the ease of access and transactions. The organization involved wants to upgrade their existing services to increase their point of work in other aspects of ICT. Due to this, the need for certain requirements is necessary. The organization now needs to have integrated service options. The main uses of the authentication are that the services are not easily hampered by the presence of external or internal factors (Kim Cha, 2012). Due to the increasing contents of payment related frauds in the network, the need for authentication is a necessity. The organization involved will do business in an effective way. The next application is the secure access. The process allows the presence of authenticated users to the system only. This facilitates the need for encryption in the system to give security. As the organization will be involved in upgrading the system, the concern for unauthorized entry to the system will be there (Wohlgemuth et al., 2014). Big data: Due to the application of big data technologies in the organization involved, the analytics will be more used to develop the prospects needed. As the organization is involved in the development of new sectors, the need for outperforming their competitors is important to stay in business. This causes the need for advanced analytical tools to be used (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). In addition, the organization will be involved in more customer acquisition from their new services. The need for knowing the growing trends in the customer behavior will be known by the analytics provided like the amount of time they spend on the website or the ads they engage or the link they are used to enter. After analyzing the analytics, the web presence will be enhanced by applying the analyzed solutions from these aspects (Wohlgemuth et al., 2014). In addition, the risk management and analysis will also be done by big data. Due to the presence of predictive data in the system, the economic and the social aspects of the system will be analyzed. This helps in better risk management and helps the organization to analyze the threats present to address them beforehand (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). Lastly, the data collection methods are a new way to get information and this is used to create new revenue systems. Many companies pay for getting their ads to people based on this information, which creates the chances of growth in the concerned organization (Kim Cha, 2012). This will also help in the prosperity of the concerned organization. Cloud computing: The main benefits in the use of cloud computing are the increased efficiency and the ease of access that is deployed from the adopted system. The first advantage is the agility in business operations. Due to the start of the new operations in the organization, the authorities involved will need to implement quicker services to make up for the loss of time and resources. This is the reason for implementing the quick nature of cloud access (Sun et al., 2013). Due to the implementation of new services, the company involved can make up new sectors working for providing cloud services. This creates a new structure for revenue generation in the existing services. Lastly, the capital expense is reduced because of less maintenance of the infrastructure required (Crossler et al., 2013). As the presence of requirements will be operated through the integration in the cloud, the need for the presence of physical structures is reduced which decreases the total capital expenditure. Disadvantages: The main disadvantages of these technologies are the high cost of deployment. In addition, the employees are to be given training in these aspects to work in these surroundings. This also increases the cost required which goes to a very high level (Sun et al., 2013). Moreover, the vendors to get the software are to be researched as the market is filled with fraudsters. These are the main disadvantages of these technologies, which are to be addressed before implementing Conclusion: The report concludes from the findings that the information security technologies are used to address the requirements of the concerned organization. Moreover, the advantages of these technologies are sufficient to address the required needs of the organization. However, these technologies come with many factors and risk that are to be considered before proceeding with the adoptions. The significance of the analysis is that thought the disadvantages poses a threat to the organization, the advantages that it creates can lead to much growth in the upcoming years. The analysis of the various technologies done in the report is used to find that the use of certain discussed technologies can be used to strengthen the operations of the organizations concerned. Big data, cloud computing and hardware authentication is the most basic of the technologies and if the organization needs to succeed in the market, they need to associate with the wider scope of the advantages that can be leveraged fr om their application in the respective sectors present in the business. The use of them along with the various implications regarding their uses can be addressed by the adoption of proper measures that will be helpful in the end. The report also includes an analysis of the recommendations that should be used in the associated systems. The main recommendations are discussed because the authorities concerned with the changes in the system by adopting these technologies, need to consider the various problems beforehand so that the process of development do not pose threat and stop to a halt. These recommendations will facilitate better business operations and will help them to recognize the various aspects of the business in terms of the information and the network security. In this way, the main aspects and the requirements in the up gradation of the business will be analyzed and to receive more output from the business in the required prospect. Recommendations: Thus, it is recommended for the organization to install these technologies for effective business solutions. However, the basic question is the need for commercial systems or developed systems. In case of commercial systems, the third party vendors are to store the cloud architecture and the concerned organization will do their operation remotely. This is the main problem as the information is to be shared with these third party vendors. This creates a feeling of unease in the ethical minds of the business authorities. The business needs to analyze the impacts on the ethical considerations regarding the decisions made. In case the software vendor is chosen, the company will be required to share their information with the vendors else, the cost of deployment for the system in case of designing of their own application will be another impact on the revenue of the company. Moreover, in cases of unavailability of the vendors due to business failures or other reasons, the organization related to them will have a direct impact on their system, as all the information will be lost. These aspects are to be considered before the final implementation. This report recommends the use of own developed systems. Due to the presence of the components of the organization itself, the need for information sharing is removed and other threats pertaining to the system is removed. References: Arora, R., Parashar, A., Transforming, C. C. I. (2013). Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms.International journal of engineering research and applications,3(4), 1922-1926. Chang, J., Jeon, Y., Sim, S., Kang, A. (2015). Information Security Modeling for the Operation of a Novel Highly Trusted Network in a Virtualization Environment. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 11(9), 1-12. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4). Crossler, R. E., Johnston, A. C., Lowry, P. B., Hu, Q., Warkentin, M., Baskerville, R. (2013). Future directions for behavioral information security research.computers security,32, 90-101. Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., Wang, P. (2013). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), 1587-1611. Hu, Q., Dinev, T., Hart, P., Cooke, D. (2012). Managing employee compliance with information security policies: The critical role of top management and organizational culture.Decision Sciences,43(4), 615-660. Jianwei, Weiran, Qianhong, Dawei, Shigang. (2016). Survey on key security technologies for space information networks. Journal of Communications and Information Networks, 1(1), 72-85. Kim, Y., Cha, S. (2012). Threat scenario-based security risk analysis using use case modeling in information systems. Security and Communication Networks, 5(3), 293-300. Labrinidis, A., Jagadish, H. V. (2012). Challenges and opportunities with big data.Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,5(12), 2032-2033. Li, M., Davoodi, A., Tehranipoor, M. (2012, March). A sensor-assisted self-authentication framework for hardware Trojan detection. InDesign, Automation Test in Europe Conference Exhibition (DATE), 2012(pp. 1331-1336). IEEE. Minelli, M., Chambers, M., Dhiraj, A. (2012).Big data, big analytics: emerging business intelligence and analytic trends for today's businesses. John Wiley Sons. Raiyn, J. (2014). A survey of Cyber Attack Detection Strategies. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 8(1), 247-256. Russom, P. (2011). Big data analytics.TDWI best practices report, fourth quarter,19, 40. Sun, D., Li, J., Feng, Z., Cao, Z., Xu, G. (2013). On the security and improvement of a two-factor user authentication scheme in wireless sensor networks. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 17(5), 895-905. Tehranipoor, M., Salmani, H., Zhang, X. (2013).Integrated circuit authentication: hardware trojans and counterfeit detection. Springer Science Business Media. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security.computers security,38, 97-102. Waller, M. A., Fawcett, S. E. (2013). Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management.Journal of Business Logistics,34(2), 77-84. Wohlgemuth, S., Sackmann, S., Sonehara, N., Tjoa, A. (2014). Security and privacy in business networking. Electronic Markets, 24(2), 81-88. Xu, X. (2012). From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing.Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing,28(1), 75-86. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), 583-592.

Tivo free essay sample

According to Keast, â€Å"there is a mystery in the sharp contrast between the inertia of prospects and the evangelical zeal of TiVo users. † As an emerging expert in consumer behavior how would you tackle that mystery? What do you think could be going on? Beyond your pet hypothesis, try to be creative and list a large number of conflicting hypotheses by taking multiple points of view. What might â€Å"evangelists† mention as a cause of their failure to sell TiVo to their friends? What might a â€Å"couch potato† say about his reluctance to buy TiVo? What would you expect a top executive at NBC to say about the situation? What explanation would the founder of TiVo love to hear? Hate to hear? 2. Now look at the data in the case exhibits. What hypotheses get supported, what hypotheses get discounted? What other insight(s) do you directly derive from the data summarized in the text and presented in the exhibits that might help to guide the growth of TiVo? 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Tivo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page TiVo is a new technological company and the management’s approach to research and insight has gradually evolved over time. What have been the different stages in their exploratory journey? What conclusion is this journey converging to? If you could time-travel to the early hours of the company, what would your advice to Keast be in terms of the research they should be conducting (the type of insight they should be looking for) at the outset for a more effective launch? Ans 1 According to Keast, â€Å"there is a mystery in the sharp contrast between the inertia of prospects and the evangelical zeal of TiVo users. † As an emerging expert in consumer behavior, how would you tackle that mystery? What do you think could be going on? Beyond your top hypothesis, try to be creative and list a set of conflicting hypotheses by taking multiple points of view. So let us first look at the role of consumers and consumer behavior in the realm of purchasing a product. Consumer behavior encompasses such a vast array of elements that need to be identified, quantified and specifically evaluated per each product or service needs. The most intriguing element of consumer behavior I believe is the psychology behind why a person buys a product and why another person doesn’t buy that same product. According to Kotler and Keller in Chapter Five of a Frame work for Marketing Management,† in essence, marketers must understand the â€Å"theory and reality† of the consumer in regards to their buying actions. A very interesting fact that Kotler and Keller point out from their reference of Schiffman and Kanuk’s Consumer Behavior 9th edition, is that the consumer is influenced by â€Å"cultural, social, and personal factors. †    Culture, the way you were raised, your values and ideas about how to spend your money and what to spend it on, materialism, â€Å"keeping up with the joneses,† etc. Not to downplay social factors, but I feel the next most notable influence in consumer behavior is personal factors, especially â€Å"age and stage in the life cycle.    My hypotheses are that age and transformation/transitions in life play a major role in adopting a new product when that product gets introduced. What I deduce is that if a technology advanced consumer product gets introduced to someone from that were in their early twenties to early thirties then they are more easily influenced by the product if that product increases their pleasurably and saves them time to en gage in other interests and assists in maintaining an active lifestyle, in addition, in the late 90’s early 2000’s these people already grew up on MTV, Sport’s Channel, HBO, etc. TV is important to them and they are willing to spend money not only on going out to bars and restaurants, but they are willing to spend a little extra money to ease their mind that when they go out for a social event they won’t miss their favorite episode of Greys Anatomy, Private Practice, or a playoff game because their girlfriend wants to out to dinner, etc. To support my hypothesis if you look at the ? TiVo case, written by Luc Wathieu, exhibit 5, showed demographics supplied from a study from Equifax Consumer Services that tracked subscriber demographics, and showed that the largest age group that were subscribers were 25-34. specially if it a new product in determining the other consumer behavior influences, This is true especially when you look at social classes, because they share similar interests and purchasing behaviors. I, like Kotler and Keller feel that â€Å"culture† is the most fundamentally determines they way consumers react and what they desire. the most the key fundamental Another interesting aspect is when a person becomes so enthusiastic about a particular product and becomes such an advocate of the product that they try to influence the people around them to jump on the bandwagon and buy the product. Now looking a bit into social factors, we are all influenced by our social networks and family, even though we may not want to admit it. I look at my sister who moved out of my Non-Tivo, DVR household, three years ago at the age of 32, one of the first thing’s she did was hook up her cable and subscribe to DVR service. Then, my daughter who is 22, after visiting my sister and seeing the flexibility of not missing your favorite television programs due to school or work, decided the first thing she would do is subscribe to a DVR service in Los Angeles, to avoid missing her favorite programming due to law school interference. Skeptics are skeptics because they never had Tivo in the past and have done just fine. They don’t understand why they need to pay more to watch the same shows that they have been watching. Once you try tivo out youll understand that it opens up a new world of options that may not be necessary to your life but are there to make it easier. Some people don’t care that much about which shows their watching as long as something is always on. For instance, if you like CNN and those types of shows you’re not going to want/need a tivo because that is only news 24/7 and you wouldn’t want to tape news because then its old.

When the Standard Deviation Is Equal to Zero

When the Standard Deviation Is Equal to Zero The sample standard deviation is a descriptive statistic that measures the spread of a quantitative data set. This number can be any non-negative real number. Since zero is a nonnegative real number, it seems worthwhile to ask, â€Å"When will the sample standard deviation be equal to zero?† This occurs in the very special and highly unusual case when all of our data values are exactly the same. We will explore the reasons why. Description of the Standard Deviation Two important questions that we typically want to answer about a data set include: What is the center of the dataset?How spread out is the set of data? There are different measurements, called descriptive statistics that answer these questions. For example, the center of the data, also known as the average, can be described in terms of the mean, median or mode. Other statistics, which are less well-known, can be used such as the midhinge or the trimean. For the spread of our data, we could use the range, the interquartile range or the standard deviation. The standard deviation is paired with the mean to quantify the spread of our data. We can then use this number to compare multiple data sets. The greater our standard deviation is, then the greater the spread is. Intuition So let’s consider from this description what it would mean to have a standard deviation of zero. This would indicate that there is no spread at all in our data set. All of the individual data values would be clumped together at a single value. Since there would only be one value that our data could have, this value would constitute the mean of our sample. In this situation, when all of our data values are the same, there would be no variation whatsoever. Intuitively it makes sense that the standard deviation of such a data set would be zero. Mathematical Proof The sample standard deviation is defined by a formula. So any statement such as the one above should be proved by using this formula. We begin with a data set that fits the description above: all values are identical, and there are n values equal to x. We calculate the mean of this data set and see that it is   x (x x . . . x)/n nx/n x. Now when we calculate the individual deviations from the mean, we see that all of these deviations are zero. Consequently, the variance and also the standard deviation are both equal to zero too. Necessary and Sufficient We see that if the data set displays no variation, then its standard deviation is zero. We may ask if the converse of this statement is also true. To see if it is, we will use the formula for standard deviation again. This time, however, we will set the standard deviation equal to zero. We will make no assumptions about our data set, but will see what setting s 0 implies Suppose that the standard deviation of a data set is equal to zero. This would imply that the sample variance s2 is also equal to zero. The result is the equation: 0 (1/(n - 1)) ∑ (xi - x )2 We multiply both sides of the equation by n - 1 and see that the sum of the squared deviations is equal to zero. Since we are working with real numbers, the only way for this to occur is for every one of the squared deviations to be equal to zero. This means that for every i, the term (xi - x )2 0. We now take the square root of the above equation and see that every deviation from the mean must be equal to zero. Since for all i, xi - x 0 This means that every data value is equal to the mean. This result along with the one above allows us to say that the sample standard deviation of a data set is zero if and only if all of its values are identical.

Biography of Pompey the Great, Roman Statesman

Biography of Pompey the Great, Roman Statesman Pompey the Great (September 29, 106 BCE–September 28, 48  BCE) was one of the main Roman military leaders and statesmen during the final decades of the Roman Republic. He made a political alliance with Julius Caesar, married his daughter, and then fought against him for control of the empire. A skilled warrior, Pompey became known as Pompey the Great. Fast Facts: Pompey the Great Known For: Pompey was a Roman military commander and statesman who was part of the First Triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar.Also Known As: Pompey, Gnaeus Pompeius MagnusBorn: September 29, 106 BCE in Picenum, Roman RepublicDied: September 28, 48 BCE in Pelusium, EgyptSpouse(s): Antistia  (m. 86-82 BCE), Aemilia Scaura  (m. 82-79 BCE), Mucia Tertia  (m. 79-61 BCE), Julia  (m. 59-54 BCE), Cornelia Metella  (m. 52-48 BCE)Children: Gnaeus Pompeius, Pompeia Magna, Sextus Pompeius Early Life Unlike Caesar, whose Roman heritage was long and illustrious, Pompey came from a non-Latin family in Picenum (in northern Italy), with money. His father,  Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, was a member of the Roman Senate. At 23, following in his fathers footsteps, Pompey entered the political scene by raising troops to help Roman general Sulla liberate Rome from the Marians. Marius and Sulla had been at odds ever since Marius took credit for a victory in Africa that his subordinate Sulla had engineered. Their struggles led to many Roman deaths and unthinkable violations of Roman law, such as bringing an army into the city itself. Pompey was a Sullan and a supporter of the conservative Optimates. A novus homo, or new man, Marius was Julius Caesars uncle and a supporter of the populist group known as the Populares. Pompey fought Marius men in Sicily and Africa. For his bravery in battle, he was given the title Pompey the Great (Pompeius Magnus). Sertorian War and Third Mithridatic War Civil war continued in Rome when Quintus Sertorius, one of the Populares, launched an attack against the Sullans in the Western Roman Empire. Pompey was sent to assist the Sullans  in the fighting, which lasted from 80 BCE to 72 BCE. Pompey was a skilled strategist; he used his forces to draw out the enemy and attack them when they least suspected it. In 71 BCE, he helped Roman leaders suppress the slave uprising led by Spartacus, and he later played a role in the defeat of the pirate menace. When he invaded the country of Pontus, in Asia Minor, in 66 BCE, Mithridates, who had long been a thorn in Romes side, fled to the Crimea where he arranged for his own death. This meant the Mithridatic wars were finally over; Pompey could take credit for another victory. On behalf of Rome, Pompey also took control of Syria in 64 BCE​ and captured Jerusalem. When he returned to Rome in 61 BCE, he held a triumphal celebration. The First Triumvirate Along with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar, Pompey formed what is known as the First Triumvirate, which became the dominating force in Roman politics. Together, these three rulers were able to seize power from some of the Optimates and resist the power of the Roman nobles in the Senate. Like Pompey, Caesar was a skilled and highly respected military leader; Crassus was the wealthiest man in the Roman Empire. The alliances between the three men, however, were personal, tenuous, and short-lived. Crassus was not happy that Pompey had taken credit for overcoming the Spartans, but with Caesar mediating, he agreed to the arrangement for political ends. When Pompeys wife Julia (Caesars daughter) died, one of the main links broke. Crassus, a less capable military leader than the other two, was killed in military action in Parthia. Civil War After the dissolution of the First Triumvirate, tensions began to escalate between Pompey and Caesar. Some Roman leaders, including those who had previously resisted the authority of Pompey and Caesar, decided to back Pompey in an election for consul, fearing that the failure to do so would create a power vacuum in Rome. Pompey then married Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman consul Metellus Scipio. For a time, Pompey controlled much of the Roman Empire while Caesar continued his campaigns abroad. In 51 BCE, Pompey made moves to relieve Caesar of his command. He promised to give up his own armies as well; however, some scholars claim that this was merely a ploy to hurt public opinion of Caesar, who no one expected would surrender his forces. Negotiations continued unsuccessfully for some time, with neither commander willing to make military concessions, and eventually the conflict turned into outright war. The Great Roman Civil War- also known as Caesars Civil War- lasted four years, from 49 to 45 BCE. It came to an end with Caesars decisive victory at the Battle of Munda. Death Pompey and Caesar first faced each other as enemy commanders after Caesar, defying orders from Rome, crossed the Rubicon. Caesar was the victor of the battle at Pharsalus in Greece, where he was outnumbered by Pompeys forces. After the defeat, Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was killed and his head cut off so that it could be sent to Caesar. Legacy Even though he turned against Caesar, Pompey was widely admired by his countrymen for his role in the conquest of various territories. He was especially admired by the nobles, and statues of him were placed in Rome as a tribute to his military and political accomplishments. His image was printed on silver coins in 40 BCE. Pompey has been depicted in a number of films and television series, including Julius Caesar, Rome, Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, and Spartacus: War of the Damned. Sources Fields, Nic.  Warlords of Republican Rome: Caesar versus Pompey. Casemate, 2010.Gillespie, William Ernest.  Caesar, Cicero and Pompey: the Roman Civil War. 1963.Morrell, Kit.  Pompey, Cato, and the Governance of the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2017.Seager, Robin.  Pompey, a Political Biography. University of California Press, 1979.

Financial planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial planning - Assignment Example In the absence of the business knowledge, the company would not capable of competing effectively. 2. Investors are instrumental to economic growth. Dissatisfaction of the investors elicits disengagement from doing business in a given location (Taylor, 2012). The consequences of such moves include deterioration of economic growth. Thus, the interest of the clients comes first when designing policies that would affect business environment. Insensitive policies client’s demand often restrain investments. Similarly, clients often prefer to dissociate with businesses that fail to address their concerns. Good business policies affect investors as well as their clients. Conflict of interest is a critical concern to business growth because it affects the way investors would do business. Many investors are willing to engage in businesses that have limiting conflict of interests. 3. First, the business will be uncompetitive in the target market. Inappropriate advice limits the ability to address the needs of the consumers in target market resulting to lack of competitiveness. Second, inappropriate advice precipitates business failure because the company would be incapable of meeting the expectations of the clients (Taylor, 2012). The viability of the business largely depends on appropriate measures that it takes when handling the needs of the consumers. Lastly, inappropriate advice elicit inappropriate responses, for example, if the business does not receive appropriate advice on how to manage address the concerns of the employees it might end up loosing talented workers. Largely, the advise should be tailored towards addressing the business needs. 4. This strategy would change image of the business and consumer brand promise. The design of products tends to influence the image of the company in the eyes of the consumers. Improving the company’s products with respect to clients needs is one the mechanism of

INDIVIDUAL COURSEWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

INDIVIDUAL COURSEWORK - Essay Example Various British designers are accredited with the reputation and image par excellence and would create opportunities for augmenting the possibilities of being inducted in reputed professional companies overseas or abroad (Andriopoulos, C., & Dawson, P. 2009). There is a leading company in United Kingdom that is privately owned and involved in clothing as its primary business. The company is also designing and an expert in retailing its brands of label range wears of various segments regardless of age. Mr. David Reiss the owner of the company Reiss took over from his father and created an opportunity of narrowing the gap in mass market clothes of high street as well as designer wears. It is pertinent to note that narrowing down the gap translates into provision of good quality as well as stylish clothes for prices that are amazingly affordable. The strategy following the aftermath of success creates vistas for opening up expansion in Dublin the capital of Ireland. The strategy can be created by launching wide ranges of women’s wear and globalize the business along with Dublin. Even though the efforts are on for making penetration into various countries the headway has been successful in claiming establishment of 27 outlets of retai l as well as concessions numbering to three in the United Kingdom until now. Mr. Reiss continues to be endowed with the capacity of a guiding influence with strength that is all pervasive in the company. The company Reiss is capable of creating a good brand value and an entry by creating an opportunity to internationalize the company in a manner that would be conducive for strategizing the brands and the segments. There has been successful expansion into the fields of new segments of wears including opportunities for children’s wears. This strategy should be further improved to create wide ranges of brands for encompassing a new

Government Regulatory Agencies Essay Example for Free

Government Regulatory Agencies Essay Government Regulatory Agencies and Impact on Consumer Choices By Trisha Robinson, Chastity Hafer, George Ward, Quagina Jackson Serphy HCS 490 Health care Consumer- Trends and Marketing For: Cindy Perkins, DC, MBA 05/01/2011 The Food Drug Administration (FDA) The Food Drug Administration is in charge of promoting and the protection of public health safety by the supervision and regulation of food safety, dietary supplements, tobacco products, prescription and over the counter drugs you get from the pharmacy. The FDA also regulates vaccines, blood transfusions, biopharmaceuticals, medical devices, veterinary products, and cosmetics (fda. gov). The FDA is in charge of advancing the public health by the speed of new ideas or methods that make medicines and food affordable and by the producing of strong or desired effect, more safer, and by given the public a more accountable scientific information that the public can use when using medication and foods and to lessen the use of tobacco to improve the quality of life. The FDA makes sure that laws are enforced by monitoring companies of claims that the company makes about their products. If the FDA thinks the company has violated the law a warning letter will be sent to the company. The letter states that the company is in violation and the company has 15 working days to respond and say how this will be fixed. Companies that do not respond will be fined or their product will be seized. The health care product or service category selected Service of choice:Â  Regulatory Information Regulatory Information is a service, which The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offers an array of information on rules and regulations, which allows consumers, industries, and health care professionals to know the safety, availability, and effectiveness of drugs, biological, medical, and electronic products, and cosmetics. In addition, the service provides information on non-regulated categories such as advertising, consumer products (household goods), alcohol, drug abuse, meat and poultry, health insurance, drugs of abuse, pesticides, restaurants and grocery stores, and water. It offers information on areas such as safety, labeling, product licensing, product approval, manufacturing and performance standards on medical devices and radioactive products, and animal drugs, livestock feeds, and food. Rationale for choosing FDA A. Familiar with the regulations of the FDA. 1. Protecting the public’s health B. Interested in the operations of the FDA and how they develop their regulations. C. The services FDA protects. 1. Responsible for advancing the public health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines more effective.

Travel as Experience in Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Travel as Experience in Jane Eyre In his essay "The Progress of Error" William Cowper writes: Returning he proclaims by many a grace, By shrugs and strange contortions of his face, How much a dunce, that has been sent to roam, Excels a dunce, that has been kept at home. (Buzard 99) In the novel, we are presented with the tale of Jane Eyre and her travels around the English countryside. What she has seen and done are not considered extraordinary but rather common to a woman of her social standing. On the other hand, Rochester as a man of wealth and land has traveled the world and seen the sights of many nations. He has been to the new world and has also completed the Grand Tour of Europe that so many aristocrats before him have done. Yet when he returns home jaded, he finds in the plainest of women something that he had not found in his countless expeditions. When Jane is betrayed by Rochester, she leaves on her own tour with only a hope of survival without him. She eventually returns from her trek and has learned what she truly desires is to be with Rochester. Rochester’s advantageous trip abroad does not deliver the hope and satisfaction that the Grand Tour promises. On the other hand, Jane’s inconvenient journey around her homeland proves reveal ing to her independent nature. These details closely mirror the questions that arise when the value of travel as a learning experience is considered. Ultimately, Jane learns that where one goes is less important than how one spends the time. We see both sides of this argument in their first real conversation. While trying to explain why he finds her so interesting and at the same time must condescend to her, Rochester tells Jane that "†¦I have battled through a varied experience wit+h many men of many nations, and roamed over half the globe, while you have lived quietly with one set of people in one house" (140; ch. 14). Rochester believes this view of conquering more of the world makes him a stronger, better person. Jane retaliates that Rochester shouldn’t feel superior just because "†¦you have seen more of the world than I have – your claim to superiority depends on the use you have made of your time and experience" (140; ch. 14). Rochester responds by admitting he has "made an indifferent, not to say a bad use of both advantages" (140; ch.

Oedipus: a Tragic Hero

Oedipus: A Tragic Hero Aristotle’s tragic hero is one of the most recognizable types of heroes among literature. A tragic hero combines five major points all of which have to do with the hero’s stature in society, his faults, how these faults effect him, the punishment his faults gets him, and how he reacts to this punishment. Aristotle explained that the story of Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is a perfect example of a tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus is given a prophecy in which he is told that he will kill his father then marry his mother. As in many Greek plays, Oedipus tries to run from his prophecy and ends up fulfilling exactly what it is foretold. Through the play we see that Oedipus posses many of the characteristics of a tragic hero such as: he is of noble stature, his downfall was his own fault, and that his punishment was not wholly deserved. The first trait that Oedipus possesses that makes him a tragic hero is that he is a man of noble stature. Within the first lines of the play, Oedipus immediately supports this in saying, â€Å"Here I am myself-/you know me, the world knows my fame:/I am Oedipus† (7-8). This quote shows that Oedipus is so confident in people knowing who he is that he is willing to put this out there, though he is not being overly confident. This quote is later given reason to when we hear from other characters such as the Priest when he explains things that Oedipus has done such as, â€Å"You freed us from the Sphinx, you came to Thebes/and cut us loose from the bloody tribute we had paid/that harsh, brutal singer† (44-46). The Priest depicts when Oedipus defeated the Sphinx, which is the task that gains him the position of king of Thebes. The next characteristic that Oedipus possesses that makes him a tragic hero is that his downfall is of his own doing. The act that ultimately contributes to Oedipus’ downfall is that of when he kills his father and he explains to Jocasta that he killed everyone, â€Å"I killed them all-every mother’s son! † (898). Since he is talking about his father’s caravan it shows that he, indeed killed his father even though he was unaware that it was his father at the time. That is only the beginning of his downfall though as he earlier told the Chorus that anyone harboring the murderer would be cursed, even if it was himself, â€Å"†¦if by any chance/he proves to be an intimate of our house†¦may the curse I just called down strike me! † (284-287). This shows just how serious that Oedipus was about punishing this person and even though he doesn’t understand that it is himself, and takes awhile for him to realize, that he was responsible for what happened to him. The final discussed characteristic that Oedipus possesses is that his punishment was not wholly deserved. There are three main punishments that Oedipus has to go through because of his crime. Those punishments are his exile from Thebes, the suicide of Jocasta, and the loss of his sight. However, the punishment that pushes everything over the edge is when Oedipus strikes out his own eyes. When he appears to the Chorus he comes out and speaks of how horrid he feels for everything in saying, â€Å"The blackest things/a man can do, I have done them all! † (1541-1542). During this very scene the Chorus speaks, not to Oedipus directly, but to each other and the literally shrink away from him. It is obvious that they don’t believe he deserves this through their words, â€Å"O the terror–/the suffering, for all the world to see/the worst terror that ever met my eyes,/what madness swept over you? † (1432-1435). The Chorus continues to speak of how Oedipus cursed himself by the gods and that this is his punishment, but cannot understand what god would force such a punishment on any man. Works Cited Mifflin, Houghton. Language of Literature World Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print.

Is Wikipedia a reliable source of Knowledge? Essay

Knowledge is a justified true belief that are passed down from generation to generation. The ones who have passed down these knowledges and information are known as sources. However, not all sources are reliable nor are they all true. Wikipedia is a very worldly wide known website that is used to look up for informations on any matter. Even so, this website is also famous for its unreliable information that are given. So, I believe that wikipedia is an unreliable source with wrong facts of knowledge. For a knowledge to be true there should be facts and evidence that goes along with it. In our enormous world we rely on expert’s opinion to justify many of our knowledge claims, however, for wikipedia everyone seems to be an expert. Wikipedia, which is known for its information, relies on other who are not even experts to give opinions on certain knowledges. Wikipedia is not a reliable source especially since the actually sources will not be identified. WIthout knowing where the sources comes from we can not claim if the information or knowledge is true. Wikipedia is not perfect nor are newspaper articles or scholarly journals, each and everyone of them can make an error. But, the differences of newspaper articles and the scholarly journals from wikipedia are that we know where the source are from and the information are accurate on. For Wikipedia, even the stupidest and the most incomplete source can become a source that lets other believe it to be true. Wikipedia creates and spreads unproven and false information to society, like a plague. Also, one of many reason that wikipedia is an unreliable source is because the company of this website can agree and disagree with other people viewpoint. Administrators on Wikipedia have the power to delete or disallow comments or articles they disagree with and support the viewpoints they approve. In 2003, for example, an U. K. scientist William Connolley became a Web site administrator and subsequently wrote or rewrote more than 5,000 Wikipedia articles supporting the concept of climate change and global warming. More importantly, he used his authority to ban more than 2,000contributors with opposing viewpoints from making further contributions. In addition,in 2007, a new program called WikiScanner uncovered individuals with a clear conflict of interest that had written or edited some Wikipedia entries. Employees from organizations such as the CIA, the Democratic National Party and Diebold were editing Wikipedia entries in their employers’ favor. Addition, to the last paragraph, on Wikipedia accurate contributors can be silenced. Deletionists on Wikipedia often rely on the argument that a contribution comes from an â€Å"unreliable source,† and decided the editor if it is a reliable source. Last year, an incident, showed the degree to which editors at the very top of Wikipedia were willing to rely on false information as long as it suited their purpose. Wikipedia is not a website where it wishes for the consumers to use the right information, but rather to show them their side of viewpoint in certain topics. Lastly, another reason why wikipedia is an unreliable source is because it is also written on their website. Wikipedia has a page where it has been typed â€Å"We do not expect you to trust us. †onto the website. It adds that it is â€Å"not a primary source† and that â€Å"because some articles may contain errors,† you should â€Å"not use Wikipedia to make critical decisions. † Wikipedia is not a source where experts who written the information made a wrong, it is a website where someone who has no knowledge of certain information telling others about it as if they are a truth. Wikipedia is a well known informational website throughout the country, however, it is also known as an unreliable source. The sources that wikipedia uses aren’t from experts on certain knowledge but just regular people who has their own viewpoint to tell. I believe that wikipedia is not a reliable source because of it’s use of wrong editors, silencing accurate contributor, and the fact that it is written on their website. Knowledge and information should come from people who are an expert’s on certain topic and can prove that their claims are the truth, but for wikipedia it not one of those sources that should be used. Source:http://www. findingdulcinea. com/news/education/2010/march/The-Top-10-Rea.

Spanish Expressions Using the Verb Estar

Spanish Expressions Using the Verb Estar As one of the verbs meaning to be, estar is used constantly in Spanish to refer to peoples emotions as well as the status of things and persons. Although there are many times estar isnt translated as to be, usually its use is straightforward for English speakers. Estar also finds its way into numerous idiomatic expressions whose meaning may not be obvious at first. Following are some of the most common and/or useful of them, along with sample sentences taken from contemporary writing. Appropriate translations can vary, depending on the context. Spanish Expressions Using Estar dà ³nde estamos (an expression of amazement or disgust at what is being witnessed).  ¿Dà ³nde estamos?  ¡No lo puedo creer! Whats going on here? I cant believe it! estar a gusto (to be comfortable). Estoy a gusto en mi trabajo. I am comfortable with my job. estar al caer (to be on the verge of arriving). El Nexus 5 est al caer, y podrà ­a costar 399 dà ³lares. The Nexus 5 is almost here, and it could cost $399. estar al loro (to be on top of things). Puedes hablar de todo, porque ests al loro de lo que sucede diariamente. You can talk about everything, because youre on top of everything that happens daily. estar a oscuras (to be ignorant or in the dark). Estoy a oscuras en estos temas. I am in the dark about these subjects. estar a punto de (to be on the verge of). Estaba a punto de llamarte. I was just about to call you. estar al corriente (to be up to date or current). No estoy al corriente en mis pagos. Im not up to date with my payments. estar al dà ­a (to be informed). Quiero estar al dà ­a con todo lo que pueda con mi bebà ©. I want to know about everything that can happen with my baby. estar al là ­mite (to be at ones limit in patience). En estos momentos estoy al là ­mite, y me hace daà ±o ver como mi novio se autodestruye. These days I am at my limit, and it pains me to see how my boyfriend is self-destructing. estar de buen nimo (to be in a good mood). Mariano explicà ³ que ayer su padre estuvo de buen nimo. Mariano explained that yesterday his father was in a good mood. estar de ms (to be excessive). La seguridad nunca est de ms durante la presencia del presidente. There is never too much security during the presence of the president. estar mal de (un à ³rgano del cuerpo) (to have a bad body part). Roger estaba mal de la espalda y no podà ­a jugar con toda su capacidad. Roger had a bad back and couldnt play to full capacity. estar por ver (to remain to be seen). Y est por ver la respuesta del Gobierno de Espaà ±a. The response of the Spanish government remains to be seen. estar sin un cobre, estar sin un duro (to be broke). Recuerdo una à ©poca que yo estaba sin un duro. I remember a time when I was flat broke. estar visto (to be obvious). Estaba visto que no era particularmente una buena opcià ³n. It was obvious that it wasnt particularly a good option. llegar a estar (to become).  ¿Cà ³mo llegaste a estar delgada tan rpido? How did you become thin so quickly? Sources: Sample sentences have been adapted from online sources that include es.Gizmodo.com, Carlos Soriano Gà ³mez, Fobiasocial.net, Foro de Ayuda Psicolà ³gica, Correo del Orinoco, es.Yahoo.com, ComoHacerPara.com, ElBebe.com, ElDà ­a.es, BioBioChile, D. Vzquez Molini and Informe21.com.

Online Public Schools for Wisconsin Students

Online Public Schools for Wisconsin Students Wisconsin offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Though students normally attend a public school in the district where they live, Wisconsin allows students to enroll in public schools in other districts, so although a school is chartered in one district, students statewide can enroll.    JEDI Virtual Online PK-12 School JEDI Virtual School, a not-for-profit charter school, offered its first distance education class in the 1996-1997 school year and was the first school of its kind in Wisconsin.   JEDI focuses on personalized attention. Full-time online students are assigned, in addition to their highly qualified teachers, learning coaches to help with time management and tracking students’ achievements. Also, a student services coordinator oversees course schedules, monitors grades and attendance, and makes any necessary schedule adjustments. Curriculum options include AP and dual-credit courses. The chartering district is  Whitewater Unified School District.   Wisconsin Virtual Academy Wisconsin Virtual Academy (WIVA)’s core values are â€Å"Achieve, Communicate, Collaborate Engage (ACCE).† WIVA promotes a collaborative, student-centered approach to ​developing young adults who are ready for college or a career. With the school’s individualized program, K-5 students learn at their own pace in a mastery-based curriculum. Middle school students study core subjects as well as self-guided electives in music or world language. High schoolers have a diversity of options for meeting their educational needs. This full-time, tuition-free, online public charter school is authorized by the McFarland School District. Monroe Virtual Middle School​​ The Monroe Virtual Middle School (MVMS) uses computer-based courses, correspondence, independent study and experiential credit-based options to offer a flexible approach to earning middle school credit. Approved by the School District of Monroe Board of Education, MVMS offers a three-year middle school diploma. The MVMS program understands that all students are entitled to have the opportunity to earn a middle school education, but not all students are well served in a traditional classroom setting.  Students at MVMS can earn credit for work study and service learning.​ eAchieve Academy The vision of the eAchieve Academy team  is as follows: â€Å"Using todays technology to educate tomorrows leaders.†Ã‚  All Academy faculty and staff pledge to help students develop to their full potential and lay the groundwork for life success. To bolster that pledge, the curriculum at eAchieve is constantly evolving, as courses, technologies and social opportunities are added to address the needs of the diverse student body. First known as iQAcademy Wisconsin, eAchieve Academy has the most graduates and some of the best ACT and high school WKCE scores of any online Wisconsin high school. eAchieve added its virtual middle school in 2009 and its virtual elementary school in 2014. The school can boast of four National Merit Scholar Finalists and 916 total high school graduates since 2004 (as of May 2017).

Russian Politics - Instructions attached Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Russian Politics - Instructions attached - Essay Example The Russian Federation despite formally gaining its independence from the Soviet Union in December 1991 stuttered through to the end of the decade despite grave economic, political, and social problems, which President Yeltsin seemed incapable of dealing with. The Soviet Union had an economic system that proved to be highly ineffective, with the black market frequently providing essentials as well as luxury items. Hand in hand with the black markets went corruption and bribery. Black marketers frequently resorted to bribing communist party officials, the police and the KGB or they in turn extorted money off the black marketers. The Soviet leadership started to have concerns about economic stagnation, organised crime and to a lesser extent corruption in the early 1980s without understanding the extent of the economic malaise. Brezhnev had done nothing to halt economic decline and in fact worsened it by accelerating the arms race with the United States. It has been estimated that as much as 50% of the Soviet Union’s annual budgets was spent on weapons. By the 1980s the idea of abandoning the communist command economy in favour of capitalism and liberal democracy gained support in the USSR. For the reformers could look at the neo-liberal experience of the Thatcher and Reagan governments, the devastating economic effects in Argentina and Chile would have been more relevant. There was one group of pro-capitalist economists that hoped to bring in a market system to Russia, the ‘young reformers’.

Operations Management Assignment in Ritz Carlton Hotels Essay

Operations Management Assignment in Ritz Carlton Hotels - Essay Example Ritz Carlton considers that the clandestine to efficient quality management stays to employ efficient staff which recognizes the guests’ requirements and provides them immediately (Case Study, p. 301). In the hospitality or service-care industry, quality is regarded as the extreme significance but unluckily up to now the spotlight has merely been on preparation lead staff to make sure guest satisfaction (Class Note 1 ppt, Slide 17). If a customer resides at the hotel, his opinion of quality is describes by the reliability, declaration and compassion. Ritz Carlton has situated this seeming quality as its main target and also for achieving it stresses on predictability, veracity as well as timeliness. All these three factors collectively lead to greater level of customer satisfaction (Case Study, p. 302). When these service customaries have been resolved the next stride is to determine the measurement methods for monitoring how well these customaries are being realized. The most important problems faced by the services and hospitality industry in respect to implementing TQM are identifying measurements as well as process improvement techniques that generate quantifiable data (Class Note 2 ppt, Slide 6). In effect, some measurement methods have previously been adopted by different hotels, such as Ritz Carlton. Various advanced technologies are being used in order to get maximum advantages or benefits by employing different automated building as well as safety systems to different types of a computerized reservation system. In this context, the Ritz Carlton has come up with greater user-friendly tools and mechanisms in order to enhance the existing level of customer satisfaction (Case Study, p. 302).1The hotel industry is expected to obtain a higher level of quality improvement even wit hout using different sophisticated statistical tools and techniques which are generally utilized by the production and manufacturing industries. Ritz Carlton, after achieving the â€Å"Baldridge award†, the organization has  decided to lower the cycle time. This is the time holdup between recognizing the need of the customer and satisfying that need.  

The Effects and Symptoms of Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Effects and Symptoms of Stress - Essay Example le deals with the effects and symptoms of stress to create awareness and to take timely measures to overcome the situation and eliminate the coming disasters. A situation which threaten or upsets an individual or disposes a kind of impact that an individual looses mental peace either due to the realistic situation in which the individual is or some anticipated circumstances due to fear or agony. Body responds to any kind of stress through hormonal secretions called as â€Å"fight-flight-fright† the 3Fs. This is the protective mechanism of the body. These hormones provide impetus to be focused, alert and in some situations protective in avoid any disaster and congregate the challenges. In some situations stress is positive as it directs the body to cope with the challenges and keeps the mind alert especially during exams or in any sports or game or competitions. This is good as it provides motivation power to march ahead, on the contrary when stress surmounts and crosses boundaries and is negative in a sense that it affects health, well being, temper, humor, productivity and even relationships it becomes worrisome and if not treated within time it leads to serious consequences. It is therefore essential to understand what are the effects and symptoms of stress to conclude to the measures to reduce or overcome the situation of stress (Stress and How to Manage it). Various factors that serve as stressors encompass: death of a close relative or a spouse, broken relationship with spouse or separation from partner, jailed, any injury or illness that had changed the course of life of self and dependents, forced marriage, retirement from the job may also lead to stress, work pressure, peer pressure, competition pressure, expectations from self and also expectations of those who are dependents, fired from the job, financial crunch, loss in business, inability to pay off debts are the various factors that pave the way for stress to home in an individual’s physiology

Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis in the UK

Incidence and Prevalence of Tuberculosis in the UK ESSAY TITLE: Using two theoretical perspectives discuss with reference to the prevalence of ONE disease, E.g. Diabetes, Respiratory diseases; how Disease patterns in society vary and the role of public health agencies in reducing disease and promoting health? Chapter 1 Introduction Society is constantly changing, and these changes come with different social and environmental problems, which result to the emergence of new diseases and an increase in the incidence of existing ones, which affect human health and society as a whole. These include diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, diabetes, hepatitis, asthma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) just to mention a few. In this essay, I will be analysing the incidence and prevalence of Tuberculosis and the pattern of this disease in relation to changes in society. I will also be comparing two theoretical perspectives regarding the nature and causes of Tuberculosis. To conclude, I will be analysing the role and impact of public health agencies in reducing the disease and actively promoting health. Chapter 2 1.1. Incidence and prevalence of Tuberculosis in UK. Definition; Tuberculosis popularly known as TB, is said to be an infectious disease usually caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB often affects the lungs but can also spread to any part of the body through the bloodstream. Classic symptoms of TB include; persistent cough, fever, weight loss, loss of appetite and tiredness. TB is contagious and is mostly transmitted from person to person. An infected person can infect about 10 to 15 people over a year if not treated. (NHS choices, 2014). Incidence and prevalence rates; Some decades ago the UK was said to have and increase number of reported TB cases. From 2005 the number of reported cases remained high but stable. In 2009, there was said to be about 9000 cases of TB reported. An incidence rate of 15 case per 100.000 population. This can be said to be the highest since 2005. Then in 2010, the number of cases was 8483, an incidence rate of 13.6/ 100.000 population. This show a decrease in the number of reported cases by about 4.9%. In 2011, there were 8963 cases reported, an incidence of 14.4/100.000 population which again was an increase compared to 2010. Then in 2012, there was 8751 cases, an incidence rate of 13.9 cases per 100.000 population. About 8000 cases of TB was recorded in 2013 in the UK that is a rate of 12.3 cases per 100.000 population. This shows a 10.4% reduction rates in the number of cases reported. (Public Health England, Tuberculosis in UK: Annual reports). The population of UK mostly infected with TB are those born outside the UK. That is those from countries with highest prevalence rate of the disease. For example, India sub-Saharan African, Pakistan, south Asia, Somalia. This group of people usually dwell in urban areas that seem to have the highest number of cases reported. For example London, Luton, Manchester, Coventry Leicester and Birmingham. Chapter 3 1.2. The pattern of Tuberculosis in relation to changes in society Throughout the last 20 years, the UK has been experiencing a steady rise in the number of TB cases. The most affected areas are the urban areas highly populated with immigrants. The rising number of cases in these areas has been related to the pattern of change in how the TB is spread and controlled. For instance, it does not spread through all the segments of the population as it has done previously, but rather affects the population of people in the high risk group. â€Å"†¦those most at risk remain individuals from ethnic minority groups, those with social risk factors such as a history of homelessness, imprisonment or problem with use of drugs or alcohol, and the elderly†. (Public Health England 2013). The small percentage fall in the rates of TB cases in 2012 and 2013 is said to be associated with the fall in the number of cases in the non-UK born population. This may be due to changes in immigration policies and policies to control the disease in the UK and abroad. For instance, around 2007, pre- entry TB test was a requirement for Ghanaians applying for more than six month visa to the UK. â€Å"While this decline is welcome, it is important to recognise that the vast majority of TB cases in the non-UK born population (85%) occur among settled migrants rather than new entrants. Tackling the reactivation of latent TB in such migrants will require systematic implementation of screening and treatment of latent TB infection†. (Public Health England 2014). Chapter 4 2.1. Theoretical perspectives of Tuberculosis. There are so many theoretical perspectives with their individual view about the nature and causes of diseases. There are sociological theories viewing health and diseases in the context of society, and there are psychological theories viewing health and diseases and the context of the mind and so many others. Theories are sometimes useful to public health agencies and the government for the planning of health policies and interventions. In this essay, I will be discussing two theoretical views of tuberculosis, namely the Germ Theory and Biomedical Theory. The Germ theory Around 1850 and 1920, the Germ theory was established, attested and promoted in North America and Europe. This theory stated that every disease is caused by specific invisible tiny organisms (germs). It was a theory that was well matched to the prevailing concepts of health and diseases particularly those connected with the 19th century hygiene and sanitation. Joseph Lister, Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur are some of the well-known persons in connection with the germ theory. This theorist believed that disease can be reduced by means of personal hygiene. They did not pay much attention to other factors such as climate, diet, environmental ventilation etc. Base on this, hygiene and sanitation promoters such as Florence Nightingale and Rudolf Virchow did not accept the theory. To them the germ theory could not be related to the progresses in public health. The theory was established in a social, cultural and economic settings that were highly focused on the principles of mass production, mass consumption, standardisation and efficiency which were harmonious with the discipline of the theory. The high achievement of the theory coupled with the fact that medicine was linked to laboratory resulted in a rise in the social prestige of physicians and medical research and practice. This happened at the time when the general public was uncertain about the significance of traditional medical practice. To rise a new public consciousness of the theory, the general public was made to understand that diseases are not only cause by germs, but also they are passed on from person to person. Germs were related to home hygiene, including cooking, plumbing, and heating. Therefore women were the main targets used to spread the information about germs. (Harvard University Library Open Collections Program, 2015). â€Å"In the case of tuberculosis, which formerly had been considered noncontagious, basic changes in everyday hygiene were required. Mass production, mass communication, and national advertising had developed alongside the germ theory during the same period, and the tools of public relations were put into play to inform the public about TB’s contagiousness, as well as to inform people about the germ theory in general†. (Harvard University Library Open Collections Program, 2015). The biomedical perspective The biomedical perspective on the other hand believe that a sick person is presumed to be an inert receiver of orders from medical professionals (doctors). This theory sees diseases as biomedical problems that are caused by bacteria or viruses, and treatment is targeted on the sick person’s body. A sick person is seen as a broken person who need to be fixed. This does not consider other factors that may be causing the health problems. For instance social, environmental and psychological factors. When a patients does not respond to treatment, it is assumed to be caused by the individual characteristics such as age and gender. Policies and practice of health care services can be said to be based on this theory. Doctors are the authority who give instructions and patients are the receivers of the instruction. Medication Event Monitoring Systems (WHO 2011), used to monitor adherence is embedded in this perspective. In spite of its inherent use by many health professionals, this perspective is uncommonly used openly in interventions. (BMC Public Health, 2007) Chapter 5 3.1. The role of public health agencies in reducing Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is a worldwide health problem which has put government and public health agencies on their toes. Every nation is working hard to control if not eradicate the disease. In the UK, the Local Government Association, Public Health England, the NHS and other public agencies are working together to come out with policies, procedures, practices and measures that will help control the spread of the disease. Some of these include: Pre-entry screening The government has introduced a pre-entry screening programme for TB in countries noted to have high incidence of the disease. Residents of those countries who are applying for more than six month visa to the UK has to undergo TB screening. This screening involve chest x-ray and checking for symptoms. Those found with active TB will have to undergo treatment before they are issue visas. (Local.gov.uk, 2014). Use of Anti-TB drugs A mixture of anti-TB drugs are given to patients to lessen the possibility of the TB bacteria becoming resistant to one or more of them. Patients are usually started on a six months course of anti-TB drugs which is made up of four different drugs. The six month course of anti-TB is said to be the most effective period that will guarantee that the inactive bacteria are killed and cannot reactivate to cause TB in future. (Local.gov.uk, 2014). BCG Vaccination BCG vaccination are being offered to babies, infants and young children who come from countries with high rates of TB. Those born in the UK to parents from the high risk zone are also given the vaccine to protect them from the diseases. Early discovery, diagnosing and treatment is said to be another way of controlling the diseases. Healthcare workers are also advice to take the vaccine because they stand the chance of getting infected at work. Chapter 6 3.2. The impact of public health agencies in reducing Tuberculosis Tuberculosis has been seen to have a huge health and social effect on those infected. The existing inequalities in deprived areas is seen to be rising because of this disease. The Chief Medical Officer has recognised the inequalities, and increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance, as primary concern for England. The Health and Social Care Act 2012 has made it the responsibility of local government, clinical commissioning groups (CCGs), Public Health England (PHE) and NHS England to reduce the inequalities. It is believe that the NHS, CCGs and Public Health will be making savings if TB is eradicated. Because it cost a lot to diagnose and treat drug-sensitive and resistant forms of TB. Some of the task set up to achieve this are; 1. Improve access to services and ensure early diagnosis 2. Provide universal access to high quality diagnostics 4. Ensure comprehensive contact tracing 5. Improve BCG vaccination uptake 6. Reduce drug-resistant TB 7. Tackle TB in under-served populations 8. Systematically implement new entrant latent TB screening 9. Strengthen surveillance and monitoring (gov.uk website, 2015) Chapter 7 3.3. The role and impact of public health agencies in actively promoting health It is the responsibility of every individual in a society to keep themselves healthy. The public health agencies of every society also have the responsibility of helping the members of that society to stay healthy. Some of the responsibilities of health agencies such as the NHS in promoting health as recommended in a report from the NHS Future Forum (gov.uk) are; Healthcare professionals making every contact count; to do so they will need to ensure that every contact they make with a patient should help to improve their mental and physical health and wellbeing. Improving the health and wellbeing of the NHS workforce by designing and implementing strategies to improve the mental and physical health and wellbeing of staff. Refocusing the NHS towards prevention and promotion; all providers of NHSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ funded care should strive to prevent poor health and promote healthy living by in cooperating it into their daily business, and they should be recognised for achieving excellence. Building partnerships outside the NHS; NHS commissioners and providers of NHSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ funded care should work together with other local services to promote health and wellbeing in areas where the NHS finds difficult to reach. Sharing learning and best practice; Healthcare professionals, NHS commissioners and providers of NHSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ funded care should share learning about improving the public’s health and wellbeing and reducing health inequalities, and seek to learn from others. Public Health England should ensure that evidence and best practice are spread across the NHS. 1

Depiction of Nature in Ernest Hemingways Unfinished Story, The Last Go

The Depiction of Nature in Ernest Hemingway's Unfinished Story, The Last Good Country Ecological criticism in the 1990s has declared many works, including Ernest Hemingway's novels like The Old Man and the Sea, and many of his nonfiction works and short stories as nature-oriented masterpieces. "The Last Good Country," one of Ernest Hemingway's later short stories, however, still remains to be reinterpreted as more than merely, "a metaphor for childhood innocence" (Werlock 131), and his usual "imaginative use of the natural world" (Fleming 2). Unlike other short stories in Hemingway's early days, this unfinished story has a unique background on writing. No other Nick Adams story had previously been planned to be a form of novel. But Hemingway left the draft halfway in order to concentrate on another mythical tale of romance, The Garden of Eden. Since 1990 when Mark Spilka opened up a revolutionary "quarrel" over Hemingway's sexual ambivalence in the novel, modern critics have frequently referred to a hypothetically incestuous relationship between Nick and his younger sister Littless in "The Last Good Country" as an indication that Hemingway in his later days was fascinated with the androgynous characters.*1 Meanwhile, originating with Malcolm Cowley's reference to the primitivism of Hemingway's fictional heroes in the 1940s, environmentally conscious arguments have gradually become the mainstream of critical support for Hemingway's nature writings. Ranging from the early collection of short stories, In Our Time, to the later masterpiece, The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway's landscapes provide the natural resources for his heroes as Western archetypes to heal their wounds or the settings in which they manifest their male... ...ll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm. Athens, GA: U of Georgia P, 1996. 204-22. Spilka, Mark. Hemingway's Quarrel with Androgyny. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1990. ---. "Original Sin in 'The Last Good Country': Or, The Return of Catherine Barkley." The Modernists: Studies in a Literary Phenomenon. Ed. Lawrence B. Gamache and Ian S. MacNiven. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson U P, 1987. 210-33. Sylvester, Bickford. "The Sexual Impasse to Romantic Order in Hemingway's Fiction: A Farewell to Arms, Othello, 'Orpen,' and the Hemingway Canon." Hemingway: Up in Michigan Perspectives. Ed. Frederic J. Svoboda and Joseph J. Waldmeir. East Lansing: Michigan State U P, 1995. 177-87. Werlock, Abby H. P. "Women in the Garden: Hemingway's 'Summer People' and 'The Last Good Country'." Ernest Hemingway: The Oak Park Legacy. Ed. James Nagel. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1996. 124-44.

Surfing Practice Expository Essay

Practice Essay – Academic Writing Many people say surfing isn’t a sport, it’s a lifestyle – but, it’s more than that. From the moment you first step in the ocean to the day you die it is a part of you. It becomes the way you think and what plays across your mind when you are in that subconscious state between awake and asleep. It has an affair with your emotions and embeds itself in the depths of your heart. You cannot get rid of the ocean once it’s made its mark on you. It is unlike any other addiction on the planet. They say too much of anything can kill you, but, when it comes to surfing – you can never get enough.Surfing began in the islands of Hawaii, the first ever report written by Lieutenant James King of Captain James Cook’s ship Discovery. In this report he described the art of surfing over two pages in the narrative portion of Captain Cook’s journals. Surfing was an extremely spiritual and important part of Haw aiian life, so much so, that places were named after particular surfing incedents. When the Calvinistic Christian Missionaries arrived in Hawaii the number of surfers in the water declined rapidly as the missionaries claimed the sport, amongst others, was â€Å"Against the laws of God†.For years it was rare to see a surfer in the water, the surfing culture had almost died out. However, in 1907 Jack London a famous author took a vacation in Hawaii – staying in Waikiki – and was introduced to surfing by Alexander Hume Ford and George Freeth. Being an author, it was no surprise when Jack wrote of his surfing experience in his book entitled A Royal Sport: Surfing in Waikiki. This new publicity breathed life into the dying sport – and not long after – George Freeth was asked to put on a wave riding demonstration in California, bringing surfing to America.Now days, surfing is a huge sport. There are approximately 23 million surfers worldwide, a stark con trast to the late 1800’s in Hawaii. Surf companies are popping up all over the place – their main aim to provide surf equipment and apparel to the surf community and those who fancy the style. Surfing has grown, not only as a leisure sport, but also in competition. Currently, there are 34 men and 17 women competing on the WCT (World Championship Tour), and millions more taking to the water in small town events and larger professional or amateur competitions.Surfing is also making its way into the film industry, with surf photography and documentaries becoming increasingly popular. With all the hype and inflation of surfing, it will still remain a magical and adrenaline pumping experience. There are many surfers who surf for the pure joy of being out in the ocean, at one with rising and falling swells, no matter how far it is extracted from its humble, spiritual beginnings in Hawaii. These surfers are known as soul surfers – and it is these people that will conti nue to keep surfing alive for generations to come.

Definition of X- Internet Essay

Many people think the Internet and the Web are the same thing. They’re not. The Internet is a piece of wire that goes from me to you and from me to 300 million other people in the world. The Web is software that I put on my end of the wire, and you put on your end — allowing us to exchange information. While the Internet (the wire) evolves gradually, the software on the wire can change quickly. Before the Web, other software was clamped onto the Internet. WAIS, Gopher, and Usenet were the dominant systems, and there were companies that were doing commerce using those software models. I call this the â€Å"executable Internet,† or X Internet, for short. X Internet offers several important advantages over the Web: 1) It rides Moore’s Law — the wide availability of cheap, powerful, low real-estate processing; 2) it leverages ever dear bandwidth — once the connection is made, a small number of bits will be exchanged, unlike the Web where lots of pages are shuttled out to the client; and 3) X Internet will be far more peer-to-peer — unlike the server-centric Web. This scenario could be marred by two threats: viruses and lack of standards. Once executables start to move fluidly through the Net, viruses will have perfect conditions to propagate. Standards, or rather the lack thereof, will block the quick arrival of X Internet. I can’t see Microsoft, Sun, IBM, or other traditionalists setting the standards. The Web-killer’s design will emerge from pure research, academe, or open source — as did the Web. What It Means — No. 1: Web-centric companies get stuck holding the bag. They will wake up one day with hundreds of millions of dollars of legacy code on their hands. Yes, their brands will remain intact, but their technology will suddenly be very outmoded. Yahoo!, eBay, and AOL will find themselves competing with a new wave of commerce players that market, deliver, and service using the superior technology of X Internet. One of the upstarts will Amazon Amazon. What It Means — No. 2: Investors get happy. The new wave of startups will race to market with X Internet, blasting old Web infrastructure and commerce companies out of their path. Internet creative destruction, round two. What It Means — No. 3: Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking rockets. The X Internet’s â€Å"smarts everywhere† design will enable an epidemic of Napstering. Courts, legislators, governments, companies, and other rule makers will have to contend with an empowered and ever more  liberated, unruly populace — armed with technology that allows them to bypass economic toll roads and bridges. What It Means — No. 4: If you are a Global 2,500 company, get ready for another round of change. This means: 1) overhauling the skills of your technologists; 2) destroying perfectly good Web sites in favor of the X Internet; 3) dumping Web-centric suppliers; and 4) retooling organizations. Change management will get a new test. As the Internet expands, two new waves of innovation — comprising what Forrester calls the X Internet — are already eclipsing the Web: an executable Net that greatly improves the online experience and an extended Net that connects the real world. An executable Net that supplants today’s Web will move code to user PCs and cause devices to captivate consumers in ways static pages never could. Today’s news, sports, and weather offered on static Web pages is essentially the same content presented on paper, making the online experience more like reading in a dusty library than participating in a new medium. The extended Internet is reshaping technology’s role in business through Internet devices and applications which sense, analyze, and control data, therefore providing more real-time information than ever before about what is going on in the real world. The X Internet will not be a new invention, but rather the evolution of today’s Internet of static Web pages and cumbersome e-commerce mechanisms into a Net that relies on executable software code to deliver more interactive experiences. Executable Internet applications use downloaded code like Java and XML to enhance the user experience with pop-up menus, pick lists, graphics and simple calculations, according to a recent Forrester report entitled â€Å"The X Internet.† An easy way to understand how the X Internet will work is to imagine that a band wants to distribute asong over the Net. Rather than worrying about which audio player people want to use, an executable file will deliver the song and the audio player at the same time. â€Å"With an executable, you can distribute movies the same way you distribute songs,† Forrester research director and report author Carl Howe told NewsFactor Network. â€Å"It just makes the models work better.† Building the X-Net The report also employs an example of a person building a house. With today’s  Internet, a builder would have to find, then try to follow, an article detailing how to frame a window. When it was time to installthe bathroom, the would-be plumber would then have to find an article dealing with that topic. Executable Internet applications would demonstrate to a builder, step-by-step, how to frame a window. When it came time to install the bathroom, the carpenter would simply be replaced by a plumber. â€Å"Instead of reading a book, you have a conversation about the work you’re trying to do,† Howe wrote. Forrester is also predicting the widespread adoption of another X Internet — but this X stands for â€Å"extended.† The extended Internet will include the widespread adoption of real-world appliances, like air conditioners or car tires, that communicate with owners or manufacturers via the Internet. The extended Internet will come with the inclusion of cheap sensors in thousands of everyday products, an era that will begin around 2005, Forrester predicts. Many people think the Internet and the Web are the same thing. They’re not. The Internet is a piece of wire that goes from me to you and from me to 300 million other people in the world. The Web is software that I put on my end of the wire, and you put on your end — allowing us to exchange information. While the Internet (the wire) evolves gradually, the software on the wire can change quickly. Before the Web, other software was clamped onto the Internet. WAIS, Gopher, and Usenet were the dominant systems, and there were companies that were doing commerce using those software models. I call this the â€Å"executable Internet,† or X Internet, for short. X Internet offers several important advantages over the Web: 1) It rides Moore’s Law — the wide availability of cheap, powerful, low real-estate processing; 2) it leverages ever dear bandwidth — once the connection is made, a small number of bits will be exchanged, unlike the Web where lots of pages are shuttled out to the client; and 3) X Internet will be far more peer-to-peer — unlike the server-centric Web. This scenario could be marred by two threats: viruses and lack of standards. Once executables start to move fluidly through the Net, viruses will have perfect conditions to propagate. Standards, or rather the lack thereof, will block the quick arrival of X Internet. I can’t see Microsoft, Sun, IBM, or other traditionalists setting the standards. The Web-killer’s design will emerge from pure research, academe, or open source — as did the Web. What It Means — No. 1: Web-centric companies get stuck holding the bag. They will wake up  one day with hundreds of millions of dollars of legacy code on their hands. Yes, their brands will remain intact, but their technology will suddenly be very outmoded. Yahoo!, eBay, and AOL will find themselves competing with a new wave of commerce players that market, deliver, and service using the superior technology of X Internet. One of the upstarts will Amazon Amazon. Wireless Networked Digital Devices The proliferation of mobile computing devices including laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs),and wearable computers has created a demand for wireless personal area networks (PANs).PANs allow proximal devices to share information and resources.The mobile nature of these devices places unique requirements on PANs,such as low power consumption, frequent make-and-break connections, resource discovery and utilization, and international regulations. This paper examines wireless technologies appropriate for PANs and reviews promising research in resource discovery and service utilization. We recognize the need for PDAs to be as manageable as mobile phones and also the restrictive screen area and input area in mobile phone. Thus the need for a new breed of computing devices to fit the bill for a PAN. The above devices become especially relevant for mobile users such as surgeons and jet plane mechanics who need both hands free and thus would need to have â€Å"wearable† computers.This paper first examines the technology used for wireless communication. Putting a radio in a digital device provides physical connectivity;however,to make the device useful in a larger context a networking infrastructure is required. The infrastructure allows devices o share data,applications,and resources such as printers, mass storage, and computation power. Defining a radio standard is a tractable problem as demonstrated by the solutions presented in this paper. Designing a network infrastructure is much more complex. The second half of the paper describes several research projects that try to address components of the networking infrastructure. Finally there are the questions that go beyond the scope of this paper, yet will have he greatest effect on the direction,capabilities,and future of this paradigm. Will these networking strategies be incompatible, like he various cellular phone systems in the United States, or will there be a standard upon which manufacturers and developers agree, like the GSM (global system for mobile  communication)cellular phones in Europe? Communication demands compatibility, which is challenging in a heterogeneous marketplace. Yet by establishing and implementing compatible systems, manufacturers can offer more powerful and useful devices to their customers. Since these are, after all, digital devices living in a programmed digital world, compatibility and interoperation are possible. Introduction to X internet : X internet seminar topic explains about concept of new generation internet applications and its updations in software and hardware technologies. Concept of x internet will help in different aspects of businesses, education and power full ways then present standards that we see in internet. Using this technology users can connect to physical objects by adding intelligent technologies which will increase connectivity between humans and physical objects. In this paper we provide detailed explanation on the extended internet, advanced cooperative wireless technology, context awareness, built in intelligence and more.